Recently, Gannon et al., using a laser Doppler technique, failed to find evidence of endometrial ischemia or perimenstrual perfusion at any time during the menstrual cycle in humans ( Gannon et al. According to one study that used thermal and 133Xe clearance techniques, the endometrial blood flow did not decrease just prior to or during menstruation ( Fraser et al. However, a few studies have challenged Markee’s theory. Many studies have explored the basis of hypoxia and its downstream regulation, mainly at cellular level, explant level and with mouse model of menstruation, and obtained interesting results ( Critchley et al. It was concluded that, in humans, endometrial breakdown was caused by tissue hypoxia resulting from vasoconstriction of the spiral arterioles. After approximately 24 h, intense vasoconstriction followed by tissue necrosis was noted, which indicated that menstruation was triggered by spiral arteriole coiling. the release of blood), a 4–24 h period of vasoconstriction was observed. The first classical model of menstruation to describe the vascular and endometrial changes was created by transplanting intraocular implants of the human endometrium into Rhesus monkeys ( Markee 1940, 1978). The vascular response of the spiral arteries is considered to be the initiator of menstruation. Although endometrial bleeding and shedding are important physiological events, the mechanisms underlying menstruation are still unclear. In conclusion, hypoxia is involved but not an essential component of endometrial breakdown during menstruation.ĭuring each menstrual cycle, the functional layer of the human endometrium undergoes extensive breakdown and remodelling under the tight regulation of estrogen and progesterone. Hypoxia significantly enhanced the mRNA expression of specific matrix metalloproteinases ( MMPs) under the conditions of P4 withdrawal. Based on mouse menstrual-like model and experiments with human decidual stromal cells, we observed that P4 withdrawal induced both hypoxia and HIF1 activation however, endometrial breakdown was triggered only by P4 withdrawal. In this study, we not only provide convincing evidence that hypoxia exists during endometrial breakdown, but also further explore the role of hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) in this process. However, this theory has been challenged by previous studies that have questioned the function and even the existence of hypoxia during menstruation. According to the classical theory, tissue hypoxia resulting from vasoconstriction of the spiral arteries after progesterone (P4) withdrawal initiates the breakdown of the endometrium at the earliest stage of menstruation. However, molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are still unclear. Next time you start CCleaner, you will see how " Oxygen XML Editor 14" application entry will have disappeared from the Applications list.Menstruation is a specific physiological phenomenon that occurs in women. If none of ej-technologies programs ( JProfiler, install4j, exe4j) is installed in your computer, and no Java-based software using this kind of installer is installed in your computer, it is safe to delete this registry key, although in any case it is recommended to always make previously a registry backup. I also found that upon uninstalling software which uses this technology it is also created the troublesome registry key and it remains even after successfully completing the uninstallation process. In the tests I did in my computer, I realized that it is not necessary to complete the installation of software which uses this installer technology: by only starting the installation creates the troublesome registry key. Install4j and exe4j are known softwares for managing installation and uninstallation of popular Java-based software such as DbVisualizer Free and JDownloader. Which are manufactured by ej-technologies GmbH CCleaner wrongly identifies (I still don't know why) this registry key: HKCU\Software\ej-technologiesĪctually this "false positive" makes reference to any of this three programs:
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |